6th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring. Dresden. Germany. 2012. Report. The United States Air Force utilizes the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP) to service and maintain its airframes. This schedule-based maintenance approach works well for ensuring system integrity; however, it is very costly, labor-intensive, and it reduces system availability. As a result, the Air Force intends to transition to a process that services aircraft based on their actual condition instead of the presumptive schedule-based approach. Structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies are being investigated to enable such real-time state awareness and decision-making. This paper provides a brief review of ASIP and the required inspections to investigate structural fatigue. The current ASIP process is demonstrated on a representative aircraft component which is fatigue loaded in the laboratory. A SHM system has been developed to estimate fatigue crack lengths in the representative component. The potential benefits of integrating advanced SHM techniques into the ASIP framework are highlighted.